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Русский Vi states
Vi has 3 modes:
- command mode – Normal and initial state; others return here (use ESC to abort a partially typed command)
- input mode – entered by specific commands a i A I o O c C s S R and ended by ESC or abnormally with interrupt
- line mode – i.e. waiting for input after a : , / , ? or a ! command (end with CR, abort with CTRL-c). CTRL is the control key: CTRL-c means “control c”
Shell Commands
- TERM= code Puts a code name for your terminal into the variable TERM
- export TERM Conveys the value of TERM (the terminal code) to any UNIX system program that is terminal dependant.
- tput init Initializes the terminal so that it will function properly with various UNIX system programs.
- vi filename Accesses the vi screen editor so that you can edit a specified file.
- vi file1 file2 file3 Enters three files into the vi buffer to be edited. Those files are file1, file2, and file3.
- view file Invoke vi editor on file in read-only mode
- vi -R file Invoke vi editor on file in read-only mode
- vi -r file Recover file and recent edits after system crash
- vi -r file Recover file and recent edits after system crash
Setting Options
- :set option Activate option
- :set option=value Assign value to option
- :set no option Deactivate option
- :set Display options set by user
- :set all Display list of all current options, both default and those set by the user
- :set option? Display values of option
Notations used
Notations:
1. CTRL-c CTRL is the control key: CTRL-c means “control c” 2. CR is Carriage return (ENTER key)
Interrupting, cancelling
- ESC end insert or incomplete command
- CTRL-? CTRL is the control key: CTRL-? means “control ?” delete or rubout interrupts
- CTRL-l reprint/refresh screen if CTRL-? scrambles it
File Manipulation
- ZZ Save the file and exit vi
- :wq Save the file and exit vi
- :w Write the current file
- :w! Force write the current file, if file is read-only
- :wname Write to file name
- :q Exit from vi
- :q! Force exit from vi (discarding changes)
- :e name Edit file name
- :e! reedit, discard changes
- :e + name edit file name, starting at end
- :e + n edit starting at line n
- :e # edit alternate file
- :n edit next file in arglist
- :args list files in current filelist
- :rew rewind current filelist and edit first file
- :n args specify new arglist
- :f show current file and line
- CTRL-G synonym for :f , show current file and line
- :ta tag to tag file entry tag
- CTRL-] :ta, following word is tag
Movement
- Arrows Move the cursor
- CTRL-d Scroll half page down
- CTRL-u Scroll half page up
- CTRL-f Scroll a full page down
- CTRL-b Scroll a full page up
- :0 Move to start of file
- :n Move to line number n
- :$ Move to end of file
- 0 Move to start of line
- ^ Move to first non-blank character
- $ Move to end of line
- CR Move to the start of next line
- - Move to the start of previous line
- % Find matching bracket
- G goto line (last line default)
- ]] next section/function
- [[ previous section/function
Line Positioning
- H Home window line
- L Last window line
- M Middle window line
- + Next line, at first non-white
- - Previous line, at first non-white
- CR return, same as +
- j next line, same column
- k previous line, same column
Character positioning
- 0 beginning of line
- $ end of line
- h forward
- l backwards
- SPACE same as l
- fx find x forward
- Fx find x backward
- ; repeat last f F
- , inverse of ;
- | to specified column
- % find matching { or }
Words, sentences, paragraphs
- w Word forward
- b Word backward
- e End of word
- ) To next sentence
- ( Back sentence
- } To next paragraph
- { Back paragraph
- W Blank delimited word
- B Back W
- E To end of W
Marking and returning
- `` (press twice the back-quote ` key) Previous context
- ’’ (press twice the single-quote ` key) Previous context at first non-white in line
- mx mark position with letter x
- `x (back quote key and letter x) goto mark x
- ‘x goto mark x at first non-white in line
Corrections during insert
- CTRL-h Erase last character
- CTRL-w Erase last word
- erase Press DELETE key, same as CTRL-h
- kill Your kill key, erase input this line
- \ Escapes CTRL-h, DELETE and kill
- ESC Ends insertion, back to command
- CTRL-? Interrupt, terminates insert
- CTRL-d Backtab over autoindent
- CTRL-v Quote non-printing character
Adjusting the screen
- CTRL-l Clear and redraw
- CTRL-r retype, eliminate @lines
- z-CR redraw, current line at window top
- z- redraw, current line at window bottom
- z. redraw, current line at window center
- /pat/z- pat line bottom
- tn Use n line window
- CTRL-e Scroll window down 1 line
- CTRL-y Scroll window up 1 line
Delete
- x Delete the character under the cursor
- X Delete the charater before the cursor
- D Delete to the end of line
- d^ Delete back to start of line
- dd Delete the current line
- ndd Delete n lines starting with the current one
- dnw Delete n words starting from cursor
Insert, change
- i Enter input mode inserting before the cursor
- I Enter input mode inserting before the first non-blank character
- a Enter input mode inserting after the cursor
- A Enter input mode inserting after the end of the line
- o Open a new line below current line and enter input mode
- O Open a new line above current line and enter input mode
- r Replace the character under the cursor (does NOT enter input mode)
- R Enter input mode replacing characters
- C shift-c. Change rest of line
- D shift-d. Delete rest of line
- s Substitute chars
- S Substitute lines
- J Join lines
- J Join lines
Copy and Paste
The “yank buffer” is filled by EVERY delete command, or explicitely by Y and yy.
- Y Copy the current line to the yank buffer
- nyy Copy n lines starting from the current to the yank buffer
- p Paste the yank buffer after the cursor (or below the current line)
- P Paste the yank buffer before the cursor (or above the current line)
- “xp Put from buffer x
- “xy Yank to buffer x
- “xd Delete into buffer x
Operators (use double to affect lines)
- d delete
- c change
- < left shift
- > right shift
- ! filter through command
- = indent for LISP
- y yank text to buffer
Search and replace
- /text Search forward for text
- ?text Search backward for text
- n Repeat the last search in the same direction
- N Repeat the last search in the reverse direction
- / Repeat the last search forward
- ? Repeat the last search backward
- [ addr ] s/from/to/ [ g ] Search for the occurence of from and replace it with to in the current line, or in the range addr (two line numbers seperated by command; 1,$ is the whole file). Replaces one occurrence per line, or all occurrences if g is specified. For example, :3,20s/someword/anotherword/g Will replace “someword” with “anotherword” starting from line 3 to line 20. ‘g’ is global means replace all occurrences of “someword”.
General
- :sh Forks a shell (to be exited with CTRL-d)
- :!command Forks a shell to execute command
- :set number Switch on line numbering
- :set nonumber Switch off line numbering
Line Editor Commands
- : Tells vi that the next commands you issue will be line editor commands.
- :sh Temporarily returns to the shell to perform some shell commands without leaving vi.
- CTRL-d Escapes the temporary return to the shell and returns to vi so you can edit the current window.
- :n Goes to the nth line of the buffer.
- :x,zw filename Writes lines from the numbers x through the number z into a new file called filename.
- :$ Moves the cursor to the beginning of the last line in the buffer.
- :.,$d Deletes all the lines from the current line to the last line
- :r filename Inserts the contents of the file filename under the current line of the buffer.
- :s/text/new_text/ Replaces the first instance of text on the current line with new_text
- :s/text/new_text/g Replaces the every occurrence of text on the current line with new_text
- :g/text/s//new_text/g Changes every occurrence of text on the buffer to new_text.
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